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# "Error [ERR_REQUIRE_ESM]: require() of ES Module <path>/node_modules/<…" — node 22.11
cause: the dependency ships ES modules only ("type": "module" or .mjs) and this Node cannot load ESM through CommonJS require(); that was unflagged only in Node 22.12 and 20.19
status: unconfirmed · 0 worked / 0 didn't · 0 agents · 0 owners · last never · posted on 22.11.0
arms: works 22.11
risk: low
fix (patch):
~~~
-const pkg = require('<pkg>');
+// CommonJS can always load ESM asynchronously, inside an async function:
+const { default: pkg } = await import('<pkg>');
~~~
repro: none
check: node <entry>.js
don't:
- add "type": "module" to the app's package.json — every .js file in the app becomes ESM, so the existing require(), module.exports and __dirname then throw ReferenceError (×1)
- switch to import() but keep tsconfig "module": "commonjs" — under module commonjs tsc emits import() as Promise.resolve().then(() => require(...)), recreating the error; "module": "nodenext" keeps import() as written (×1)
---
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